zhang rGyal tsan

00466 

Other names / Alternative spellings 


Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

zhang 

mChims?* 

 'Bro?* 


Period of activity 

Reign of Khri 'Dus srong mang po rje? 

Regency of 'Bro za Khri ma lod khri steng 

VIIth century? 

VIIIth century? 


Biographical data 

The zhang rGyal tsan (ms. ITJ 1368 l. 15) was a contemporary of Khri bangs** (ms. ITJ 1368 l. 12, 24) in Monkey year [708?].


Titles 

zhang (ms. ITJ 1368 l. 15)


Notes 

Transl. of ms. ITJ 1368 in Thomas 1951 p. 11 

*Possibly mChims or 'Bro, according to the context of the early VIIIth c.. Note that a 'Bro rGyal mtshan seng ge is mentioned by dPa' bo gtsug lag 'phreng ba in a list that may, however, refer to the early reign of Khri Srong lde brtsan (but is placed by the author in the time of Srong btsan sgam po). The same character's name is given as 'Bro rGyal seng ge in other sources (as a ru lag dmag dpon in Blon po bka' thang IV, a ru pa'i dpon po in mKhas pa lde'u 2010 ed p. 246-248).

**Sent as a bride to the 'A zha king in 689, received the Chinese princess Jincheng on her way to Tibet in 710.
 

'Bro g.Yu gong

01048

Other names / Alternative spellings 


Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bro


Period of activity 

VIIIth century? 

Reign of Khri Srong lde brtsan?


Biographical data 

In Rat year [782?*], from Tibet, appointed as dpon sna of the Sha cu pa : Rongspo g.Yu gong, the rtse rje blon ; Khyung po Klu rma, the rtse rje spyan ; 'Bro g.Yu gong, the rtse rje 'bring po ; 'Bal Du ma legs, the rtse rje chu ngu and dgra blon...  (ms. PT 1089 l. r53-54)


Titles 

rtse rje 'bring po (ms. PT 1089 l. r54) 


Notes 

Obviously not to be confused with the Rongspo g.Yu gong of ms. PT 1089 l. r53.

A zhang sTag rma g.yu gong is mentioned in ms. ITJ 1126 l. 2, but the document is dating from the mid IXth century according to S. van Schaik (2012, p. 430).

(Probably another) g.Yu gong is mentioned as a copyist in ms. PT 1302 f76b ; also as copyist and reviser in ms. PT 1312 f37b.

See also ms. PT 1845 verso, offered to the nang rje po blon rMa bzher and the blon bTsan bzher by g.Yu gong and gSas legs.

On ms. PT 1089 see Scherrer-Schaub 2007, also Lalou 1939.

* See Scherrer-Schaub 2007 p. 270

Nya khri

01050

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Nya khri (TibHT 2 l. 1). 

'Br[...] Nya khri (TibHT 2 l. 5). 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bro? 

'Bre? 

Period of activity 

Reign of Khri Srong lde btsan?* 

VIIIth century? 

Biographical data 

'Br[...] Nya khri was a contemporary of zhang rGyal nyen (TibHT 2 l. 1). 

Titles 

Notes 

*See notes on zhang rGyal nyen

chen po zhang g.Yu sgra

00363 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

zhang 

'Bro family?* 

sNa nam family?* 

Tshes pong family?* 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century? 

IXth century? 

Reign of Khri Srong lde brtsan? 

Reign of Mu ne brtsan? 

Reign of Khri lDe srong brtsan? 

Biographical data 

The blon g.Yu sgra was a contemporary of the bde blon zhang bTsan bzang, and zhang Khri dog rje, they gathered an assembly in a Sheep year (ms. PT 1079 l. 3-4). 

The blon g.Yu [sgra] was a contemporary of zhang bTsan bzang, blon rGyal sgra and spyan blon Byang bzher, they gathered an assembly in Dog year (ms. PT 1089 l. r7, r77) 

The chen po zhang g.Yu sgra was a contemporary of brTan bzang (ms. PT 1344 l. 5v1).** 

Titles 

blon (ms. PT 1079 l. 3, PT 1089 l. r. 7, r77) 

chen po zhang (ms. PT 1344 l. 5v1) 

Notes 

Another (?) g.Yu sgra is mentioned in ms. Or. 15000/364 l. r3 found in Mîrân (see Takeuchi 1997-1998 doc. n° 466 "...[g.]yu sgra'i thugs kyi 'phrin la cher mdzad...") 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 1089, 1344 

Ms. PT 1079 transl. in Richardson 1991

Ms. PT 1089 transl. in Scherrer-Schaub 2007, see also Lalou 1956

*Family names proposed on the basis of the title "chen po zhang" and the context of the late VIIIth and early IXth centuries.

**The identification of the blon g.Yu sgra to the chen po zhang g.Yu sgra is uncertain. 

zhang Khri bzher lha mthong

00462 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

zhang 

'Bro family?* 

mChims family?* 

Tshes pong family?* 

Period of activity 

IXth century 

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan 

Biographical data 

Zhang Khri bzher lha mthong was chab srid kyi blon po chen po at the time of the Sino-Tibetan peace treaty [821-822] (inscr. peace treaty l. n20-21). 

Titles 

zhang (inscr. peace treaty l. n20) 

chab srid kyi blon po chen po (inscr. peace treaty l. n20) 

Notes 

See also mentions of (another?) jo co Khri bzher in ms. Or. 15000/113 l. r1 and ms. Or.15000/201 l. r1 (see respectively Takeuchi 1997-1998 doc. n° 113 and 265).

*Based on the context of the Khri gTsug lde brtsan's reign and other zhang mentioned in the tibeto-chinese peace treaty inscription. 

zhang Khri mnyes smon zung

00283 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

zhang 

'Bro family?* 

mChims family?* 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century 

Reign of Khri lDe gtsug brtsan 

Biographical data 

In Hare year [715] the rtsang cen gyi brung pa Lang Sa tseng died and was replaced by the zhang Khri mnyes smon zung (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 199). 

In Hog year [723]  [dBa's] Khri sum rje [rtsang bzher] offered (?) the khud pa chen po (?) to zhang Khri mnyes smon zung (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 227-230). 

Zhang Khri mnyes smon zung died in the winter of the Dragon year [740-741] (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 282-284). 

Titles 

zhang (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 199, 230, 284) 

rtsang cen gyi brung pa (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 199) 

khud pa chen po (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 230 ) 

Notes 

*From the context of the early VIIIth c.

zhang rGya sto

00278 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

zhang 

'Bro family?* 

mChims family?* 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century 

Regency of 'Bro za Khri ma lod khri steng 

Biographical data 

In Horse year [706-707], zhang rGya sto gathered the winter assembly at Par gyi gle ma (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 156-158). 

In the winter of Dog year [710-711], zhang rGya sto and sTa gu ri tsab gathered the mDo smad assembly at gTse gnam yor (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 175-178). 

Titles 

zhang (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 158, 178). 

Notes 

*Suggested by the context of the early VIIIth century and the title zhang, attested during the regency of 'Bro za Khri ma lod khri steng and after the birth of Khri lDe gtsug brtsan.

zhang Khri bzang stag tsab

00206

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

zhang 

'Bro family?* 

mChims family?* 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century 

Reign of Khri 'Dus srong mang po rje? 

Regency of 'Bro za Khri ma lod khri steng 

Reign of Khri lDe gtsug brtsan 

Biographical data 

In Dragon year [704] zhang Khri bzang stag tsab gathered an assembly at Byar lings tsal (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 0750 l. 149). 

dBa's Khri gzigs zhang nyen, zhang bTsan to re [lhas byin], and Khri bzang stag tsab died in Bird year [721] (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 219-222). 

Titles 

zhang (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 0750 l. 149, 220) 

Notes 

*From the context of the early VIIIth century and the title zhang, first attested in the year of Khri 'Dus srong mang po rje's death and Khri lDe gtsug brtsan's birth.

zhang 'Bring rtsan khyi bu

00285 

Other names / Alternative spellings

zhang 'Bring rtsan (ms. Or. 8212.187 l. 11) 

zhang 'Bring rtsan khyi bu (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 0750 l. 205)

zhang 'Bring rtshan khyi bu (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 0750 l. 246)


Social groups (status, family, lineage...)

zhang

'Bro family?*

mChims family?*


Period of activity

VIIIth century 

Reign of Khri lDe gtsug brtsan 

Biographical data

In Snake year [717] the chibs pon zhang Khri mnyes mnyen lod was removed (byung)** and replaced by zhang 'Bring rtsan khyi bu (ms. PT1288-ITJ 750 l. 205). 

In Hare year [727] zhang 'Bring rtshan khyi bu gathered the winter assembly of Tibet at sKyi lhas gang tshal (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 0750 l. 246). 

In Hog year [747], the assembly was gathered by the blon ce (Great minister) ['Bro] Cung bzang, 'Bal ldong tsab, the minister [Cog ro?] Mang pho rje, zhang 'Bring rtsan [khyi bu (?)] and others (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 11). 

Titles 

zhang (ms. Or. 8212.187 l. 11, PT 1288-ITJ 0750 l. 205, 246)

chibs pon (ms. PT1288-ITJ 750 l. 205) ?

Notes 

*Suggested from the context of the early VIIIth c. 

**See Dotson 2009 p. 110

zhang Khri mnyes mnyen lod

00284 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

zhang 

'Bro family?*

mChims family?*

Period of activity 

VIIIth century 

Reign of Khri lDe gtsug brtsan 

Biographical data 

In Snake year [717] the chibs pon zhang Khri mnyes mnyen lod was removed (byung)** and replaced by zhang 'Bring rtsan khyi bu (ms. PT1288-ITJ 750 l. 205). 

Titles 

chibs pon (ms. PT1288-ITJ 750 l. 205) 

zhang (ms. PT1288-ITJ 750 l. 205) 

Notes 

*Suggested from the context of the early VIIIth c.

**See Dotson 2009 p. 110 

mngan 'Bre Nya gzig

00750 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bre (possibly for 'Bro, as suggested in Takeuchi 1997-1998 doc. 229, also 'Ber?) 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century ? 

IXth century ? 

Reign of Khri Srong lde brtsan ? 

Reign of Mu ne brtsan ? 

Reign of Khri lDe srong brtsan ? 

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan ? 

Reign of 'U 'i dum brtan ? 

Biographical data 

Titles 

mngan (ms. Or.15000/167 l. r2) 

Notes 

Mentioned on a fragment found in Mazar Tagh (ms. Or.15000/167) 

See Takeuchi 1997-1998 doc. n° 229

zhang sTag bzher

00731 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bro family?*

mChims family?*

zhang 

Period of activity 

IXth century? 

Reign of Khri lDe srong brtsan? 

Biographical data 

In dragon year [?] zhang sTag bzher, blon sTag zigs, blon Khri 'bring and others were at Zha'i bde sum btsal for an assembly of bde blon (ms. PT 1093 see also zha'i bde sum tshal in ms. ITJ 1126 l. 1). 

Zhang sTag bzher received a letter from a blon bTsan zigs (ms. PT 2195, after the usual greetings: "...dbu rmog brtsan zhing chab srid yun du mtho bar smon lam rgyun du 'tsha[l]..."). 

Zhang sTag bzher may have been a contemporary of a blon sTag zigs,  and a blon Khri brtsan (ms. PT 1610 verso).

Titles 

zhang (ms. PT 1093 l. 1, PT 1750 verso, PT 1552 verso) 

nang rje po zhang (ms. PT 2195 l. 1) 

Notes 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 1093, 1552, 1750, 2195 

Mention of zhang sTag bzher in ms. PT 1610 verso

 source: Gallica

*Two zhang sTag bzher are mentioned by dPa' bo gtsug lag 'phreng ba in his copy of the edict attributed to [Khri lDe srong brtsan] Sad na legs: zhang mChims rgyal sTag bzher rgyal slebs and zhang 'Bro sTag bzher pra bal stang (see Chos 'byung mkhas pa'i dga' ston 2003 ed. vol. I p. 412-413, also Dotson 2009 p. 158). 

bTsan to re lhas byin

00205 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

bTsan btsan to re lhas byin (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 137-138) 

bTsan to re lhas byin (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 176, 194-195) 

bTsan to re (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 207, 210, 212, 216, 217, 220, ITJ 1368 l. 23) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bro family?*

zhang 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century 

Reign of Khri 'Dus srong mang po rje 

Regency of 'Bro za Khri ma lod khri steng 

Reign of Khri lDe gtsug brtsan 

Biographical data 

In the winter of the Ox year [701-702], zhang bTsan to re lhas byin and Seng go sNang to re skyi zung gathered the assembly (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 137-138). 

In Dog year [710], zhang bTsan to re lhas byin, 'Bro zhang Khri bzang, Cog ro [Cung bzang 'dam kong (?)] were part of the Tibetan delegation which brought the Chinese princess Kim sheng ("Mun sheng" in ITJ 1368) to Tibet (ms. ITJ 1368 l. 22-24, PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 175-177). 

In Tiger year [714], 'bon Da rgyal bTsan zung and zhang bTsan to re lhas byin administrated the 'A zha people ('a zha'i mkhos bgyis) at Sil gu cin gyi 'o khol (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 194-195). 

Zhang bTsan to re [lhas byin] and dBa's Khri sum rje rtsang bzher gathered councils in the summer of Horse year [718], winter of Sheep year [719] and Monkey year [720] (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 207-219).

dBa's Khri gzigs zhang nyen, zhang bTsan to re [lhas byin], and zhang Khri bzang stag tsab died in Bird year [721] (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 219-222). 

Titles

zhang (ms. PT 1288-ITJ 750 l. 137, 176, 194, 207, 210, 212, 216, 217, 220, ITJ 1368 l. 23). 

Notes

Zhang bTsan to re is most probably the Shang zan duo 尙贊咄 / Shang zan tu 尙贊吐 mentioned in Jiu Tangshu and Xin Tangshu c. 709 (see transl. in Pelliot 1961 p. 13, 96).

*His family name is unknown. However, according to the historical context of his career (i.e. 'Dus srong's reign and the regency of 'Bro za Khri ma lod) and the fact that he is called zhang about three years before the birth of Khri lDe gtsug brtsan, he was probably a 'Bro.

zhang sTong rtsan

00230 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

sTong rtsan (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 13, 21, 26, 30-31, 35, 37, 44, 51, 53, 61) 

sTong stsan (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 86) 

sDong stsan (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 74, 83) 

sDong rtsan (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 67) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bro family? 

zhang 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century 

Reign of Khri Srong lde brtsan 

Biographical data 

Zhang sTong rtsan and blon [minister] [mGos] Khri bzang [yab lag] sacked the fortress of Te'u cu [in Sheep year 755] (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 13). 

Zhang sTong rtsan, blon Khri bzang, and [the Myva king] Kag la bong sacked Se cu [in Monkey year 756] (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 21-22). 

Zhang sTong rtsan and blon Mang rtsan gathered the mDo smad summer assembly [in 757] (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 21-22). 

Zhang sTong rtsan gathered the summer assembly [in 758] (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 30-31). 

Zhang sTong rtsan and blon Khri bzang went in 'A zha land [in Hog year 759] (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 35-36). 

In the winter [of Hog year 759-760], zhang sTong rtsan, blon Khri bzang, and zhang bTsan ba conquered Tsong ka chu ngu (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 37-38). 

In winter [761-762], zhang sTong rtsan conquered Zangs kar and Zong cu (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 44). 

[In Tiger year 762-763,] zhang sTong rtsan and zhang rGyal zigs crossed the iron bridge of Bum ling and defeated the chinese garrisons of 'Bu shing kun, Zin cu, Ga cu and others. 

In Tiger year [762-763], zhang sTong rtsan, zhang rGyal zigs, blon [Ngan lam] sTag sgra [klu khong], zhang bTsan ba and others led a military campaign in China and conquered Keng shi (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 51-54, 81-85). 

Zhang sTong rtsan was rewarded with the g.yu'i yi ge (turquoise insignia) and promoted to the rank of so mtha bzhi dmag pon (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 61). 

Titles 

zhang (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 13,, 21, 26, 30, 35, 37, 44, 51, 53, 74, 83, 86) 

so mtha bzhi dmag pon (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 61) 

Notes 

Other zhang contemporary to sTong rtsan include : mChims zhang rGyal zigs shu teng, [mChims?] zhang mDo zher, and ['Bro ?] zhang bTsan ba (see Demiéville 1987ed p. 290-306). Thus, zhang sTong rtsan's rus may have been mChims, 'Bro or possibly sNa nam since Khri Srong lde btsan's mother was sNa nam za' Mang mo rje bzhi steng.

Blon po bka' thang III  mentions a 'Bro sKyes bzang ldong btsan (= stong rtsan? see bKa' thang sde lnga 1997 ed. p. 437).

'Bro Leg leg

00530 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bro family 

Period of activity 

IXth century ?  

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan ? 

Reign of 'U 'i dum brtan ?

Biographical data 

'Bro Leg leg was a copyist [of Buddhist texts] (ms. PT 1312). 

Titles 

Notes 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 1312.

Mentioned in Dotson 2013-2014 [2015] p. 23 

'Bro lHa gong

00531 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bro family 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century ? 

IXth century ? 

Xth century ? 

Biographical data 

'Bro lHa gong was a copyist [of Buddhist texts] and a contemporary of : 

- Ya ri btsan legs, reviser (ms. PT 1605).

- Klu skyes, reviser and copyist (ms. PT 1605).

Titles 

Notes 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 1605.

'Bro lDog lha nos

00529 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bro family 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century ? 

IXth century ? 

Xth century ? 

Biographical data 

'Bro lDog lha nos was a copyist, and a reviser [of Buddhist texts]. He was a contemporary of the copyists Ya ri khri spos and Lang tse (ms. PT 1624) 

Titles 

Notes 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 1624

'Bro za lHa mo

00497 

Other names / Alternative spellings

'Bro za lHa mo (m. PT 464, 2093) 

'Bro za lHa mo 'phan ? (ms. PT 402) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bro family 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century ? 

IXth century ? 

Reign of Khri Srong lde brtsan ? 

Reign of Mu ne brtsan ? 

Reign of Khri lDe srong brtsan ? 

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan ? 

Reign of 'U 'i dum brtan ? 

Biographical data 

['Bro za lHa mo was a buddhist lady.] 

After 'Bro za lHa mo's death, copies of the Devīmahākālīnāma-dhāraņī (ms. PT 402) and of the Heart Sūtra (ms. PT 464, PT 2093) were made and dedicated to her merits

Titles 

Notes

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 402, 464, 2093.

'Bro Don grub

00495 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bro family

Period of activity 

IXth century ? 

Biographical data 

'Bro Don grub offered a buddhist text (last page of ms. PT 45) 

Titles 

Notes 

Also mentioned in ms. PT 45 are the IXth century Indian scholars Shi len dra po de and Bo de mi dra (ms. PT 45 l. 14v3).

See also Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 45.

'Bro Khu rton

00489 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

'Bro Khu rton (ms. PT 608 l. Kha 39v6) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bro family

Period of activity

VIIIth century ? 

IXth century ? 

Biographical data 

'Bro Khu rton was (a corrector ?) working with 'Bal dPal rton (and the copyist Kheng brTsan legs ? ms. PT 608 l. Kha 39v6) 

Titles 

Notes 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 608