zhang sTong rtsan

00230 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

sTong rtsan (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 13, 21, 26, 30-31, 35, 37, 44, 51, 53, 61) 

sTong stsan (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 86) 

sDong stsan (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 74, 83) 

sDong rtsan (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 67) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Bro family? 

zhang 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century 

Reign of Khri Srong lde brtsan 

Biographical data 

Zhang sTong rtsan and blon [minister] [mGos] Khri bzang [yab lag] sacked the fortress of Te'u cu [in Sheep year 755] (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 13). 

Zhang sTong rtsan, blon Khri bzang, and [the Myva king] Kag la bong sacked Se cu [in Monkey year 756] (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 21-22). 

Zhang sTong rtsan and blon Mang rtsan gathered the mDo smad summer assembly [in 757] (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 21-22). 

Zhang sTong rtsan gathered the summer assembly [in 758] (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 30-31). 

Zhang sTong rtsan and blon Khri bzang went in 'A zha land [in Hog year 759] (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 35-36). 

In the winter [of Hog year 759-760], zhang sTong rtsan, blon Khri bzang, and zhang bTsan ba conquered Tsong ka chu ngu (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 37-38). 

In winter [761-762], zhang sTong rtsan conquered Zangs kar and Zong cu (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 44). 

[In Tiger year 762-763,] zhang sTong rtsan and zhang rGyal zigs crossed the iron bridge of Bum ling and defeated the chinese garrisons of 'Bu shing kun, Zin cu, Ga cu and others. 

In Tiger year [762-763], zhang sTong rtsan, zhang rGyal zigs, blon [Ngan lam] sTag sgra [klu khong], zhang bTsan ba and others led a military campaign in China and conquered Keng shi (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 51-54, 81-85). 

Zhang sTong rtsan was rewarded with the g.yu'i yi ge (turquoise insignia) and promoted to the rank of so mtha bzhi dmag pon (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 61). 

Titles 

zhang (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 13,, 21, 26, 30, 35, 37, 44, 51, 53, 74, 83, 86) 

so mtha bzhi dmag pon (ms. Or 8212.187 l. 61) 

Notes 

Other zhang contemporary to sTong rtsan include : mChims zhang rGyal zigs shu teng, [mChims?] zhang mDo zher, and ['Bro ?] zhang bTsan ba (see Demiéville 1987ed p. 290-306). Thus, zhang sTong rtsan's rus may have been mChims, 'Bro or possibly sNa nam since Khri Srong lde btsan's mother was sNa nam za' Mang mo rje bzhi steng.

Blon po bka' thang III  mentions a 'Bro sKyes bzang ldong btsan (= stong rtsan? see bKa' thang sde lnga 1997 ed. p. 437).

'Briung yas rGyal gzigs khrom dpal

00606 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

'Brung yas (ms. PT 1240, according to Lalou 1939-1961) 

'Briung yas (ms. PT 1240) 

rGyal gzigs (ms. PT 1240) 

Khrom dpal (ms. PT 1240) 

'Briung yas rGyal gzigs khrom dpal (reconstructed name) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Briung yas (= 'Bring yas ?) 

Period of activity 

? 

Biographical data 

'Briung yas rGyal gzigs khrom dpal was likely a contemporary of 'Brom mDo bzher 'dzing bu, dGro snya Mang gzigs slang kong and Langs Khri mnyes nos kong, his rus was 'Briung yas (= 'Bring yas ?), his ming was rGyal gzigs, his mkhan was Khrom dpal (ms. PT 1240). 

Titles 

Notes 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 1240

Mention of 'Briung yas rGyal gzigs khrom dpal 

(= 'Bring yas rGyal gzigs khrom dpal ?) in ms. PT 1240 (source : Gallica)

'Brom mDo bzher 'dzong bu

00605 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

'Brom (ms. PT 1240) 

mDo bzher (ms. PT 1240) 

'Dzong bu (ms. PT 1240) 

'Brom mDo bzher 'dzong bu (reconstructed name) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

'Brom 

Period of activity 

? 

Biographical data 

'Brom mDo bzher 'dzong bu was likely a contemporary of dGro snya Mang gzigs slang kong, 'Bring yas rGyal gzigs khrom dpal and Langs Khri mnyes nos kong, his rus was 'Brom, his ming was mDo bzher, his mkhan was 'Dzong bu (ms. PT 1240). 

Titles 

Notes 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 1240

dGro snya Mang gzigs slang kong

00608

Other names / Alternative spellings 

dGro snya (ms. PT 1240) 

Mang gzigs (ms. PT 1240) 

Slang kong (ms. PT 1240) 

dGro snya Mang gzigs slang kong (reconstructed name) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

dGro snya 

Period of activity 

?

Biographical data 

dGro snya Mang gzigs slang kong was likely a contemporary of 'Brom mDo bzher 'dzing bu, 'Bring yas rGyal gzigs khrom dpal and Langs Khri mnyes nos kong, his rus was dGro snya, his ming was Mang gzigs, his mkhan was Slang kong (ms. PT 1240). 

Titles 

Notes 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 1240

Langs Khri mnyes nos kong

00607 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Langs (ms. PT 1240) 

Khri mnyes (ms. PT 1240) 

Nos kong (ms. PT 1240) 

Langs Khri mnyes nos kong (reconstructed name) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

Langs (= Rlang ?) 

Period of activity 

? 

Biographical data 

Langs Khri mnyes nos kong was likely a contemporary of 'Brom mDo bzher 'dzing bu, 'Bring yas rGyal gzigs khrom dpal and dGro snya Mang gzigs slang kong, his rus was Langs, his ming was Khri mnyes, his mkhan was Nos kong (ms. PT 1240). 

Titles 

Notes 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 1240

gNyan sum tho de rgyal ba

00623 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

gNyan sum tho de rgyal ba (ms. PT 1060 l. 57) 

gNyan sum gthod de rgyal ba (ms. TibHT 27 l. 8, 10) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

gnyan deity (?) 

Period of activity 

mythical times ? 

Biographical data 

Titles 

jo bo (ms. TibHT 27 l. 8, 10) 

Notes 

Obviously not to be confused with the bon po scholar Ba gor Dod de rgyal ba (see sGa ston tshul khrims rgyal mtshan's bsTan pa'i shan 'byed 'phrul gyi me long, p. 29). 

See also the gNyan gsum gtod de rgyal ba'i le'u in the bon po bKa' 'gyur ? ('Bum sde, CXLI, ch. 22 avalaible on BDRC) 

gNyan gsum thod de rgyal ba is also mentioned in the "Gathang bumpa funerary documents" (see Bellezza 2013 p. 176).

lHa lung zigs

00621 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

lHa lung zigs (ms. PT 1089 l. r84)

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

Seng go family ? (unverifiable so far) 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century ? 

IXth century ? 

Reign of Khri Srong lde brtsan ? 

Reign of Mu ne brtsan ? 

Reign of Khri lDe srong brtsan ? 

Biographical data 

Titles 

Notes 

A Seng go lHa lung gzigs is mentioned in dBa' bzhed as a supporter of Buddhism in the time of Khri Srong lde btsan (see dBa' bzhed p. 14, 16, 18, 27 english transl. in Wangdu, Diemberger, Sørensen 2000 p. 43-47, 50, 60-63) .

See also mi 'go lHa lung zigs (lHa lung zigs "the headman" ?) in Blon po bka' thang XXVI (bKa' thang sde lnga 1997ed. p. 509). 

On ms. PT 1089 see Scherrer-Schaub 2007, also Lalou 1956.

Mention of lHa lung zigs of ms. PT 1089 (Gallica)

mGos Klu rtsan

00622 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

mGos family 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century ? 

IXth century ? 

Reign of Khri Srong lde brtsan ? 

Reign of Mu ne brtsan ? 

Reign of Khri lDe srong brtsan ? 

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan ? 

Reign of 'U 'i dum brtan ? 

Biographical data 

mGos Klu rtsan is mentioned (as a witness ?) in a "contract for the sale of a cow" (ms. ITJ 857b l. 7).

He was a contemporary of gNyi dPal 'dus and the ban 'de dPal byangs (ms. ITJ 857b l. 1).

Titles 

Notes 

See OTDO 

See also Takeuchi 1995 p. 151-152

rTsig lHa rtsa skyes

00454 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

rTsig ? 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century ? 

IXth century ? 

Reign of Khri Srong lde brtsan ? 

Reign of Mu ne brtsan ? 

Reign of Khri lDe srong brtsan ? 

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan ? 

Reign of 'U 'i dum brtan ? 

Biographical data 

'Greng ro Khyi thug and rTsig lha rtsa skyes are mentioned as witnesses on a loan contract found in Miran (ms. Or. 15000/430 l. r7). 

Titles 

Notes

On ms. Or 15000/430 see Takeuchi 1997-1998 doc. n° 546. 

"rTsig" may be a family name : according to dBa' bzhed, "rTsig rMa rma" was a supporter of Buddhism against Bon in the debate of Hog year [759 ? 771 ?] (see dBa' bzhed p. 27, english transl. in Wangdu, Diemberger, Sørensen 2000 p. 60-63).

Bran ka Yon tan

00199 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

ban de Yon tan (ms. PT 1290 l. r2) 

dge slong Bran ka Yon tan (inscr. lDan ma brag II l. 7) 

ban de chen po dPal chen po yon tan (inscr. Peace treaty l. n9) 

ban 'de chen po Yon tan (ms. PT 1588 verso) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

Bran ka

ban de (monk) 

Period of activity 

IXth century

Reign of Khri lDe srong brtsan 

 

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan 

Biographical data 

When the name Khri gTsug lde brtsan was given to [the prince] Mu tsu brtan, the ban de Yon tan sang a song (rol mo glu tshigs bgyis pa, ms. PT 1290 l. r2). 

Ban de Yon tan possibly became a member of the "High council of Religion and State Affairs" (chos dang chab srid kyi bka' chen po) as early as Monkey year [804] (inscr. lDan ma brag II l. 1-3, see Imaeda 2012 p. 115-118). 

The ban de chen po dPal chen po Yon tan was one of the three highest officials of Khri gTsug lde brtsan's government [c. 822] (inscr. Peace treaty stele l. n9). 

Titles 

ban de (ms. PT 1290 l. r2) 

dge slong (inscr. lDan ma brag II l. 7) 

ban de chen po (inscr. Peace treaty l. n9) 

ban 'de chen po (ms. PT 1588 verso) 

Notes 

Other possible mentions of the ban de chen po dPal chen po yon tan in Old Tibetan documentation :

- ban de chen po Yon tan (ms. PT 1588 verso) ?

- ban de chen po (ms. PT 1653 verso) ? Also a letter adressed to dPal gyi yon than by Chos kyi go cha (ms. PT 1653)

- dpal chen po (ms. PT 2076 ) ? 

- ban de dpal ced po, a contemporary of the ban de dPal gyi go ca' (ms. PT 1962 verso) ?

- (another ?) Yon tan, reviser of Buddhist texts, and contemporary of the copyist An sTag chung and the revisers Zhi mchog, Dze cin, and lHa la rton (ms. PT 1425, PT 1444).

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 1290, 1425, 1444, 1588, 1653, 1962, 2076

According to Nyang Nyi ma 'od zer (XIIth c., 2010ed. p. 385-386), in the time of Khri gtsug lde brtsan Ral pa can, sBas Mang rje lha 'od (i.e. dBa' Mang rje lha lod) was minister (blon po) and the  ban chen po dPal gyi yon tan was "religious minister" (chos kyi blon po).

According to mKhas pa lDe'u (XIIIth c.) Khri gtsug lde brtsan Ral pa can's ministers were sBas Mang rje lha lod, 'Bring Khri sum rje stag snang (i. e. 'Bro Khri sum rje stag snang) and Bran ka dPal gyi yon tan (mKhas pa lDe'u 2010 ed. p. 340).

According to later Tibetan historians, Bran ka dPal gyi yon tan was killed after being slandered by dBa's rGyal to re stag snya, who spread the word that he had an affair with Cog ro za dpal gyi ngang tshul, a queen of the btsan po Khri gTsug lde brtsan (see among others mKhas pa lDe'u 2010ed. p. 340-342, Nyang Nyi ma 'od zer 2010ed. p. 395-396, Klong chen 1991ed. p. 383, rGyal rabs gsal ba'i me long 2005ed. p. 233 ; transl. in Sørensen 1999 p. 425-426).

Ka ma la shi la

00393 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Kamâlashîla (reconstructed name) 

Kamālaśīla (reconstructed name) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

rGya gar (Indian) 

mkhan po 

Period of activity

VIIIth century 

Reign of Khri Srong lde brtsan 

Biographical data 

Ka ma la shi la was the author of the 'Phags pa sa lu ljang pa rgya cher 'greld pa (ms. PT 553 l. 1a1) which was translated by Su ren dra bo de and the lo tsa ba ban de Ye shes sdes (ms. PT 2105) 

Titles 

A tsa rya (ms. PT 814 l. 9a4) 

slob dpon (ms. PT 2105) 

Notes 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 553, 814, 2105 

According to dBa' bzhed, Ka ma la shi la was a disciple of the mkhan po Bo dhi sa tva, and was invited from Nepal in the time of Khri Srong lde btsan in order to engage in religious debates against the followers of the Chinese master Hva shang (see dBa' bzhed 2010 ed. p. 39, transl. in Wangdu, Diemberger, Sørensen 2000 Diemberger p. 78-79).

sKya' tsa lDo dzom

00595 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

sKya' tsa (= sKya tsa) 

Period of activity 

IXth century 

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan 

Biographical data 

sKya' tsa lDo dzom and 'Phan 'De su rtsan were the guarantors in the sale of sKya' tsa lHa brtsan's horse to the dge slong Cang Bon car in Sheep year [827 or 839 ? (see Takeuchi 1995 p. 154)] (ms. PT 1297.3 l. 2-3, 8-9). 

Titles 

Notes 

For a study, a transliteration and a translation of ms. PT 1297.3, see Takeuchi 1995 p. 153-158.

sKya' tsa lHa brtsan

00594 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

sKya' tsa (= sKya tsa) 

Period of activity 

IXth century 

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan 

Biographical data 

sKya' tsa lHa brtsan belonged to the Tshad stod gyi sde (ms. PT 1297.3 l. 2). 

sKya' tsa lHa brtsan was a contemporary of the zhang lHa bzang (chen po zhang lHa bzang ?) and the zhang sTag sum brtsan (? ms. PT 1297.3 l. 1). 

In Sheep year [827 or 839 ? (see Takeuchi 1995 p. 154)], sKya' tsa lHa brtsan sold his horse to the dge slong Cang Bon car (ms. PT 1297.3 l 2-3). 

sKya' tsa lDo dzom and 'Phan 'De su rtsan were the guarantors of the transaction (ms. PT 1297.3 l 8-9). 

The sale was witnessed by blon lHa bzang lha rton, blon lHa bzang 'do tse, 'Go kog thong (?), Je'u sTag legs, Hva' hva hva, 'Bom sTag tsho and 'Bom zhang skyes (ms. PT 1297.3 l 9-11). 

Titles 

Notes 

For a study, a transliteration and a translation of ms. PT 1297.3, see Takeuchi 1995 p. 153-158.

Phrad nya bar ma

00593 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Prajñāvarman (reconstructed name) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

rGya gar (Indian) 

mkhan po 

Period of activity 

IXth century ? 

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan ? 

Biographical data 

The Indian scholar Phrad nya bar ma was working with the ban de Ye shes sde and the Indian mkhan po Dar ma pa la on the translation of buddhist texts in Tibetan (ms. PT 417) 

Titles 

Notes 

Possibly identical to the indian scholar Prad dz.hâ bar ma who, according to the chronicle attributed to Ne'u Pandita, was invited to Tibet in the time of Khri gTsug lde brtsan (Ne'u Pandita 2005 ed. p. 24). 

Shi len 'dra bo de

00504 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Shi len dra po de (ms. PT 45 l. 14v3) 

Shi len 'dra bo de (ms. PT 99 l. 28r4) 

Shi lin tra bo de (ms. PT 797) 

Shîlendrabodhi (reconstructed name)

Śīlendrabodhi (reconstructed name)

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

rGya gar (Indian) 

mkhan po 

Period of activity 

IXth century ? 

Reign of of Khri lDe srong brtsan ? 

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan ? 

Biographical data 

The Indian scholar Shi len dra bo de worked on the translation of buddhist texts with the ban de Ye shes sde and the indian mkhan po 'Dzi na mi tra (ms. PT 99 l. 28r4 ?, PT 797) 

Shi len dra po de was a contemporary of Bo de mi dra (ms. PT 45 l. 14v3). 

Titles 

mkhan po (ms. PT 99 l. 28r4) 

Notes

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 99, 797. 

See also BDRC : Shilendra Bodhi

According to the sGra sbyor bam po gnyis pa and the chronicle attributed to Ne'u Pandita, Shi len 'dra bo de was in Tibet in the time of Khri lDe srong brtsan (see "shî lendra bo dhi" in rTa rdo 2005 ed. p. 70, "shi la i.ndra bo dhi" in Ne'u Pandita 2005 ed. p. 23 ) 

Shi len 'dra bo de is sometime also named among the indian scholars invited in the time of Khri gTsug lde brtsan Ral pa can ("shî landre bo dhi" in Sa skya bSod nams rgyal mtshan's rGyal rabs gsal ba'i me long 2005 ed. p. 227, see also transl. in Sørensen 1994 p. 411). 

In later chronicles, Shi len 'dra bo de may sometime be confused with another indian scholar named Su ren dra bo de (see "su lendra bo dhi" in Ne'u Pandita 2005 ed. p. 24).

Bo de mi dra

00505 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Bodhimitra (reconstructed name)

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

rGya gar (Indian) ? 

mkhan po ? 

Period of activity 

IXth century ? 

Reign of Khri lDe srong brtsan ? 

Biographical data 

Bo de mi dra was [an Indian mkhan po (?) and] a contemporary of Shi len dra po de (ms. PT 45 l. 14v3). 

Titles 

Notes 

According to the chronicle attributed to Ne'u Pandita, "Bo dhi mi tra" was among the Indian scholars invited to Tibet in the time of Khri lDe srong brtsan (see Ne'u Pandita 2005 ed. p. 23).

Su ren dra bo de

00485 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

Su ren 'dra' bo de (ms. PT 1582) 

Su 'dren dra bo de (ms. PT 1311)

Surendrabodhi (reconctructed name) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

rGya gar (Indian)

mkhan po 

Period of activity 

VIIIth century ? 

IXth century 

Reign of Khri lDe srong brtsan ? 

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan ? 

Biographical data 

Su ren dra bo de was an Indian scholar (mkhan po) who worked on translations with the [tibetan translator] ban 'de Be ro tsa na / Bo ro tsha na and the Indian scholar Shag kya bra ba / Shag kya pra ba (ms. PT 1582, PT 1311).

Su ren dra bo de also worked with ban de Ye shes sde on the translation of buddhist texts [into Tibetan] (ms. PT 2105).  

Titles 

mkhan po (ms. PT 2105).

Notes 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 1311, 1582, 2105. 

According to sGra sbyor bam po gnyis pa and the chronicle attributed to Ne'u Pandita, Su ren dra bo de was in Tibet in the time of Khri lDe srong brtsan (see "su rendra bo dhi" and "su renta bo dhi" in rTa rdo 2005 ed. p. 70, 205, "su ra i.ndra bo dhi" in Ne'u Pandita 2005 ed. p. 23). 

Mss. PT 1582 and PT 1311 could point to earlier times, since (Pa gor ?) Be ro tsa na is usually associated with the reign of Khri Srong lde btsan. 

According to Nyang Nyi ma 'od zer, Su ren dra bo de was invited in the time of Khri gTsug lde brtsan Ral pa can (see "su ren dra bo dhi" in Nyang Nyi ma 'od zer 2010 ed. p. 389). 

Su ren dra bo de may sometime be confused with another indian scholar named Shi len dra bo de (see "su lendra bo dhi" in Ne'u Pandita 2005 ed. p. 24).

'Dzi na mi tra

00589 

Other names / Alternative spellings 

'Dzi myi tra (ms. PT 24) 

'Dzin myi thra (ms. PT 51) 

'Dzi na mi tra (ms. PT 79, PT 797) 

Jinamitra (reconstructed name) 

Social groups (status, family, lineage...) 

rGya gar (Indian) 

mkhan po 

Period of activity 

IXth century 

Reign of Khri lDe srong brtsan ? 

Reign of Khri gTsug lde brtsan ? 

Biographical data 

'Dzi na mi tra worked with Shi lin dra bo de, Da na shi la and ban de Ye shes sde on the translation of buddhist texts into Tibetan (ms.PT 24, PT 51, PT 79, PT 797). 

Titles 

mkhan po (ms. PT 24, PT 51, PT 79, PT 797) 

Notes 

See Lalou 1939-1961 doc. n° 24, 51, 79, 797. 

'Dzi na mi tra was of Kashmiri origin according to Nyang Nyi ma 'od zer and the chronicle attributed to Ne'u Pandita ( "kha che'i paṇ ḍi ta dzi na mi tra" Nyang Nyi ma 'od zer 2010 ed. p. 389, "kha che mkhan po dzî na mi tra" Ne'u Pandita 2005 ed. p. 24). 

According to sGra sbyor bam po gnyis pa and Ne'u Pandita, 'Dzi na mi tra was in Tibet in the time of Khri lDe srong brtsan (see "dzi na mi tra" in rTa rdo 2005 ed. p. 70, 205, "arya dzi na mi tra" in Ne'u Pandita 2005 ed. p. 23). 

'Dzi na mi tra is also listed among the indian scholars invited in the time of Khri gTsug lde brtsan Ral pa can (see "dzi na mi tra" in Nyang Nyi ma 'od zer 2010 ed. p. 389, "dzî na mi tra" in Ne'u Pandita 2005 ed. p. 24, "dzi na mi tra" in Sa skya bSod nams rgyal mtshan 2005 ed. p. 227, see also transl. in Sørensen 1994 p. 411).